Climate change as it is currently discussed and studied is different from previous ones. Despite its difficulties, these current changes are characterized by being more anthropogenic, that is, caused by human desires and plans. Some researchers call the present era an anthropocentric era, in the sense that man has made himself the center of life on the planet at the expense of all other creatures. 
The effects of this change are multifaceted. Every year, dozens of species are extinct and natural disasters occur. However, they also have a significant impact on human rights, including the right to life, physical integrity, a clean environment, housing, political participation, economic and mental stability, etc. Some researchers even talk about the disappearance of States, especially Small Island States that may sink due to global warming, melting glaciers and rising sea levels. By 2022, nearly 800,000 people have died from extreme natural disasters alone, causing an average of more than $4 trillion in damage. The World Economic Forum has identified extreme weather as the second biggest economic risk in 2025. 
In such a scenario and future, Iraq and the Kurdistan Region will not be protected. According to the International Organization for Migration, by 2021 more than 20,000 people have migrated due to climate and water scarcity; a significant number of people have been forced to seek jobs in addition to migration. In 2018, more than 120,000 people fell ill in Basra due to water shortages and water pollution. According to a UN ranking, Iraq is the fifth most affected country by climate change. Water shortages, extreme heat and desertification threaten 92% of Iraq's agricultural land. By 2023, Iraq reported a decline of eight out of ten top crops, including vegetables and legumes. By 2024, production levels dropped sharply, with 60% of farmers producing less than in previous years due to drought. This means poor food security and poor living standards, which are again the foundation of many human rights. Water shortages, insecure food, wasting and burning of accompanied natural gases, soil degradation, desertification, decline in agriculture and greenery and urban inflation are among the most obvious environmental problems that the government must plan and implement as soon as possible. Because all of these are not solely environmental problems, but also human rights problems.